There are great home price tools today to help you with the decision you are making. However, Case Shiller (CS) and median prices are not the right ones.
Executive decision makers want to know whether prices are trending up or down, and that question has never been harder to answer. When forced to answer the question, we say that most home prices are reverting to 2003 prices – some areas have overcorrected, and some have not fully corrected. While that covers our butt nationally, we know the truth is much different depending on what submarket or pool of homes you are talking about. This email will be longer than usual because I want to show you a few things:
The “Best” Free Data Stinks
If you read the newspapers, you would think prices are appreciating, whether it is the Case Shiller price index or median resale prices – the two price measures that used to be the most reliable measures. Just look at recent price trends for Southern California.
According to CS, prices are up 6% in LA (includes Orange Co.) and 11% in San Diego since March of 2009. According to the median price, prices are up 12% in LA, 17% in Orange County, 12% in Riverside and 18% in San Diego since April of 2009. Neither is correct if you are talking about most homes in those markets.
Case Shiller is Particularly Wild
While we love the CS methodology, both CS and the median price are wildly impacted when the mix of what is transacting shifts dramatically from the norm. We set five price measures equal to 100 in the year 2000, and look at what happened in 2005 / 2006. CS showed 20% price appreciation over those 2 years, while the median price and most other measures showed only 6%. The truth was somewhere in between, but closer to the median than to CS.
Why? Because the mix of what was transacting shifted to the lower priced homes in the worst neighborhoods. That mix shift pulled the median price down, but those low-priced homes were appreciating rapidly, so CS (an index that compares price appreciation on the same house from when it last sold) went up. In response to this problem, CS developed sub-indexes showing trends by price tier, but most people I know don’t look at them and most don’t even know they exist.
If you have been relying on either of these measures for pricing, you have made some big mistakes. Just ask the rating agencies.
Why 2003?
Home prices have appreciated about 18% since 2000, which was the end of the last economic expansion. Assuming we are at the end of the next expansion, the price appreciation should be about in line with income growth and mortgage payment growth during that time. Incomes have grown approximately 16% since 2000. Since mortgage rates have fallen from 8.06% to 4.78% during that time, the mortgage payment has fallen 13%. Putting these two together, we believe 2003 prices are a reasonable estimate for most home values today. Obviously, this is a very back-of-the-envelope analysis and our work with clients is more targeted toward the decisions they are trying to make.
Any further price correction from here will likely either be due to rising mortgage rates, or an overcorrection (possible driven by Shadow Inventory), or because consumers took on so much other debt over the last 10 years that a 31% debt-to-income ratio is too high going forward (note that Borrowers who have received “permanent mods” have 30%+ of their income going to additional debt service on top of their primary mortgage!).
Go Invest Millions, But Spend the Time and Money to Know What You are Doing
Billions of dollars of decisions are made every day by people who don’t spend the money to know what is going on, and home prices are clearly just one example of this. Most of these decision makers are investing other people’s money, and are constrained by a budget process that says “You have no budget to know what is going on, but you have the authority to make huge investment decisions.” Here are some recent personal examples:
- Government: I met with a government agency involved in hundreds of billions of dollars of mortgages that didn’t have the budget to buy the same price data that firms who are investing in mortgage-backed securities buy
- Investment Banks: I had a phone call with a household name that was investing other people’s money and wagering on what the next CS news would be, but was devoting no more than a few hours of time to the research
- Bank: I met with a bank who was setting strategy to determine the right time to sell REO using CS data because it was free
- Home Builder: A home builder asked if I thought CS futures were the right metric to use for the assumptions in their impairment analysis
The Right Way
Automated Valuation Model (AVM) programs appraise every house every month. These models started off as being pretty inaccurate, but that is changing. We have found that AVM programs have been more accurately reporting home prices by MSA. The most famous of these can be pretty inaccurate per house, but the MSA measure is very good due to the tremendous sample size. One of the AVM’s shows that prices bottomed in LA (includes Orange County) and San Diego in April 2009 and are up slightly since then. However, in Riverside, prices are still falling. Our Consulting team doing work in all of these markets have similar conclusions. Other markets across the U.S. also seem to be correct. There is a big variance by neighborhood and price range too, which is correct. Unfortunately for most of you, the most reliable AVM models start at $100K/year!
Even Surveys Are Working Better Today
It might surprise you to know that there are some price measures that are in direct contradiction of CS and median prices, and we believe they are more accurate.
- Realtor Survey of Existing Home Prices. We have been scrubbing the data by MSA on a national realtor survey of several thousand realtors for years. We were highly suspect when we started this, but we have generally found that the survey is quite accurate. According to the survey, prices only recently started appreciating in Orange County, and they are still trending down very slightly in the rest of Southern California. Other markets around the country seem to coincide with our in the field research as well.
- Our Survey of New Home Prices. We get 250+/- industry executives who manage 2000+/- new home communities to reply to our monthly survey and comment on new home price trends, net of incentives. These are all clients and friends who tell us the truth, and they have been reporting that prices have generally been flat or very slightly down since September. Our Consulting team has found the same. June should be an interesting survey.
In addition to the above, there are tools to get to the right answer at a much more granular level (zip code and even neighborhood). These tools are new.
Conclusion
To understand home prices (and all else housing-related for that matter), you need to look at everything. If you are making a decision based on headline data or a regression to the mean, you are taking a lot of risk.
Most execs don’t have the time or budget to look at everything, so that is how we created a business out of this. The next time someone in your organization uses headline price data to make a point or to support an investment thesis, be sure to challenge that data to make sure it is an accurate representation of what is going on in the investment you are considering. Don’t make bad decisions because of misleading information!
This is the most current available data for all variables and markets.
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State
Metro Area* |
Month
S. Fam. Permits |
Month
Total Permits |
Permits / Peak Permits |
1-Yr Growth |
1-Yr Growth Rate |
Unemp Rate |
Median Home Price |
Housing Costs / Income |
JBREC Affordability Index |
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| Alabama | ||||||||||
| Anniston-Oxford | 90 | 98 | 21% | (500) | (1.0%) | 10.4% | $87,693 | 19% | 0.7 | |
| Auburn-Opelika | 772 | 1,405 | 64% | 400 | 0.8% | 8.7% | $127,299 | 26% | 0.0 | |
| Birmingham | 1,865 | 1,983 | 25% | (16,700) | (3.3%) | 9.8% | $147,201 | 24% | 0.8 | |
| Decatur | 68 | 68 | 7% | (1,100) | (2.0%) | 10.9% | $93,528 | 18% | 0.1 | |
| Dothan | 213 | 311 | 42% | (1,300) | (2.2%) | 9.4% | $88,666 | 18% | 0.0 | |
| Florence | 146 | 213 | 27% | (200) | (0.4%) | 10.4% | $93,525 | 20% | 0.3 | |
| Gadsden | 63 | 63 | 16% | (500) | (1.4%) | 10.2% | $83,706 | 20% | 0.5 | |
| Huntsville | 2,215 | 2,550 | 51% | (500) | (0.2%) | 7.9% | $119,312 | 18% | 0.0 | |
| Mobile | 1,128 | 1,786 | 64% | (5,300) | (3.0%) | 11.4% | $126,040 | 26% | 2.0 | |
| Montgomery | 436 | 743 | 29% | (3,600) | (2.1%) | 9.8% | $129,231 | 23% | 0.3 | |
| Tuscaloosa | 375 | 848 | 32% | (1,400) | (1.5%) | 8.9% | $117,938 | 24% | 0.1 | |
| Alaska | ||||||||||
| Anchorage | 347 | 587 | 7% | 600 | 0.4% | 7.7% | $173,832 | 20% | 0.0 | |
| Fairbanks | 41 | 41 | 5% | 500 | 1.3% | 7.4% | $136,912 | 18% | 0.0 | |
| Arizona | ||||||||||
| Flagstaff | 117 | 479 | 35% | (1,000) | (1.6%) | 8.3% | $249,500 | 44% | 5.2 | |
| Phoenix | 9,984 | 10,489 | 15% | (29,700) | (1.7%) | 8.4% | $135,000 | 21% | 1.5 | |
| Prescott | 286 | 474 | 11% | (800) | (1.4%) | 9.5% | $132,051 | 26% | 0.0 | |
| Tucson | 2,287 | 2,373 | 19% | (3,900) | (1.1%) | 8.2% | $165,000 | 30% | 2.3 | |
| Yuma | 576 | 636 | 24% | (2,100) | (4.1%) | 24.4% | $147,450 | 31% | 5.1 | |
| Arkansas | ||||||||||
| Fayetteville | 1,166 | 1,633 | 22% | (2,500) | (1.2%) | 6.0% | $101,932 | 17% | 0.0 | |
| Fort Smith | 538 | 787 | 60% | (3,700) | (3.1%) | 7.6% | $76,586 | 15% | 0.0 | |
| Hot Springs | 42 | 42 | 11% | (1,500) | (3.9%) | 7.7% | $109,000 | 22% | 0.0 | |
| Jonesboro | 444 | 628 | 64% | (500) | (1.0%) | 7.1% | $73,813 | 14% | 0.0 | |
| Little Rock | 1,801 | 2,639 | 46% | (7,800) | (2.3%) | 6.6% | $133,960 | 22% | 2.4 | |
| Pine Bluff | 42 | 64 | 16% | (1,100) | (2.9%) | 9.2% | $65,572 | 13% | 0.0 | |
| California | ||||||||||
| Bakersfield | 1,614 | 1,858 | 21% | (4,700) | (2.0%) | 16.5% | $125,000 | 22% | 1.3 | |
| Chico | 261 | 385 | 19% | (1,600) | (2.2%) | 13.9% | $182,000 | 35% | 2.5 | |
| El Centro | 116 | 116 | 5% | (1,500) | (3.3%) | 27.9% | $110,000 | 24% | 1.0 | |
| Fresno | 1,650 | 1,870 | 25% | (8,100) | (2.8%) | 16.9% | $147,500 | 26% | 1.8 | |
| Hanford | 112 | 112 | 8% | 0 | 0.0% | 16.8% | $112,250 | 19% | 1.0 | |
| Los Angeles (D) | 2,272 | 5,691 | 8% | (82,800) | (2.1%) | 11.9% | $330,000 | 47% | 2.8 | |
| Madera | 64 | 68 | 3% | 200 | 0.6% | 16.3% | $135,000 | 24% | 1.5 | |
| Merced | 95 | 105 | 3% | (1,600) | (2.9%) | 19.9% | $116,000 | 21% | 0.9 | |
| Modesto | 219 | 219 | 4% | (2,600) | (1.8%) | 18.3% | $138,000 | 21% | 0.5 | |
| Monterey | 120 | 231 | 8% | (1,500) | (1.2%) | 12.7% | $245,250 | 34% | 1.4 | |
| Napa | 79 | 83 | 8% | (1,700) | (2.8%) | 10.0% | $339,000 | 41% | 2.6 | |
| Oakland (D) | 2,146 | 2,970 | 13% | (33,900) | (3.5%) | 11.4% | $325,000 | 35% | 2.0 | |
| Orange County (D) | 1,515 | 2,372 | 10% | (28,400) | (2.0%) | 9.5% | $505,000 | 53% | 5.1 | |
| Redding | 182 | 229 | 10% | (1,000) | (1.7%) | 16.4% | $160,000 | 30% | 1.0 | |
| Riverside-San Bernardino | 5,125 | 6,307 | 11% | (40,000) | (3.5%) | 14.2% | $175,000 | 24% | 1.2 | |
| Sacramento | 2,442 | 2,750 | 12% | (26,100) | (3.1%) | 12.4% | $206,500 | 27% | 1.5 | |
| San Diego | 2,105 | 3,123 | 7% | (22,000) | (1.8%) | 10.4% | $370,000 | 46% | 3.7 | |
| San Francisco (D) | 393 | 804 | 12% | (32,400) | (3.4%) | 9.3% | $720,000 | 73% | 4.8 | |
| San Jose | 864 | 1,395 | 14% | (16,000) | (1.9%) | 11.7% | $555,000 | 51% | 4.5 | |
| San Luis Obispo | 271 | 359 | 10% | (4,000) | (4.0%) | 10.0% | $382,750 | 54% | 4.5 | |
| Santa Barbara | 157 | 261 | 10% | (3,700) | (2.2%) | 8.8% | $352,500 | 48% | 4.0 | |
| Santa Cruz | 94 | 111 | 8% | (2,100) | (2.4%) | 13.5% | $553,000 | 67% | 5.2 | |
| Santa Rosa | 304 | 442 | 8% | (5,800) | (3.3%) | 10.6% | $330,000 | 42% | 1.8 | |
| Stockton | 856 | 856 | 12% | (2,900) | (1.5%) | 17.7% | $165,000 | 24% | 0.9 | |
| Vallejo-Fairfield | 663 | 663 | 11% | (3,700) | (3.1%) | 12.2% | $205,000 | 24% | 0.9 | |
| Ventura | 208 | 459 | 6% | (7,000) | (2.5%) | 10.5% | $410,000 | 43% | 3.8 | |
| Visalia-Porterville | 902 | 1,017 | 28% | (1,600) | (1.5%) | 16.9% | $131,500 | 24% | 1.5 | |
| Yuba-Sutter | 132 | 132 | 4% | (1,200) | (3.1%) | 20.3% | $156,000 | 26% | 0.8 | |
| Colorado | ||||||||||
| Boulder | 125 | 422 | 8% | (2,600) | (1.6%) | 5.9% | $299,500 | 35% | 4.3 | |
| Colorado Springs | 1,639 | 1,650 | 15% | (6,400) | (2.6%) | 8.4% | $176,000 | 24% | 0.9 | |
| Denver | 3,295 | 4,339 | 15% | (30,100) | (2.5%) | 7.8% | $221,000 | 29% | 4.1 | |
| Fort Collins | 437 | 859 | 23% | (1,800) | (1.4%) | 6.4% | $220,000 | 30% | 3.2 | |
| Grand Junction | 383 | 433 | 21% | (3,100) | (5.0%) | 9.2% | $134,787 | 20% | 0.0 | |
| Greeley | 921 | 960 | 22% | (3,100) | (3.9%) | 9.0% | $165,000 | 23% | 1.5 | |
| Pueblo | 217 | 427 | 30% | (1,000) | (1.7%) | 8.9% | $76,170 | 14% | 0.0 | |
| Connecticut | ||||||||||
| Bridgeport | 442 | 887 | 17% | (1,600) | (0.4%) | 7.9% | $382,154 | 37% | 0.5 | |
| Hartford | 842 | 1,196 | 11% | (6,600) | (1.2%) | 8.6% | $218,102 | 26% | 0.0 | |
| New Haven | 280 | 408 | 6% | 300 | 0.1% | 8.6% | $230,923 | 30% | 0.6 | |
| Norwich | 256 | 399 | 14% | (500) | (0.4%) | 8.3% | $207,130 | 25% | 0.1 | |
| Delaware | ||||||||||
| Dover | 799 | 917 | 42% | (700) | (1.1%) | 8.5% | $196,538 | 36% | 6.7 | |
| Wilmington (D) | 1,077 | 1,340 | 21% | (6,200) | (1.8%) | 8.9% | $193,809 | 29% | 4.1 | |
| District of Columbia | ||||||||||
| Washington D.C. (D) | 7,849 | 10,909 | 29% | 5,600 | 0.2% | 6.0% | $304,030 | 27% | 1.7 | |
| Florida | ||||||||||
| Daytona Beach | 771 | 841 | 11% | (3,900) | (2.5%) | 11.9% | $102,950 | 19% | 0.3 | |
| Fort Lauderdale (D) | 755 | 1,147 | 6% | (16,300) | (2.3%) | 9.9% | $155,000 | 25% | 0.0 | |
| Fort Myers | 1,114 | 1,199 | 4% | (7,600) | (3.7%) | 12.7% | $90,000 | 15% | 0.4 | |
| Fort Walton Beach | 199 | 199 | 5% | 100 | 0.1% | 7.6% | $197,729 | 30% | 5.0 | |
| Gainesville | 418 | 548 | 17% | 0 | 0.0% | 7.5% | $164,174 | 34% | 2.3 | |
| Jacksonville | 3,885 | 4,148 | 17% | (8,300) | (1.4%) | 11.0% | $148,250 | 23% | 3.6 | |
| Lakeland | 1,261 | 1,343 | 10% | (6,200) | (3.1%) | 12.1% | $99,900 | 19% | 0.6 | |
| Melbourne | 1,100 | 1,124 | 11% | (4,100) | (2.1%) | 11.4% | $110,000 | 18% | 0.1 | |
| Miami (D) | 767 | 1,696 | 7% | (13,200) | (1.3%) | 11.3% | $170,000 | 33% | 1.7 | |
| Naples | 714 | 1,234 | 15% | (4,100) | (3.6%) | 11.4% | $219,000 | 31% | 2.4 | |
| Ocala | 479 | 487 | 7% | (3,500) | (3.7%) | 13.9% | $100,000 | 21% | 1.7 | |
| Orlando | 4,431 | 4,943 | 14% | (23,600) | (2.3%) | 11.4% | $132,500 | 22% | 0.9 | |
| Panama City | 227 | 319 | 6% | 100 | 0.1% | 9.4% | $163,696 | 29% | 4.4 | |
| Pensacola | 1,274 | 1,694 | 26% | (100) | (0.1%) | 10.2% | $147,727 | 27% | 4.6 | |
| Port St. Lucie | 465 | 528 | 5% | (2,800) | (2.3%) | 13.1% | $118,000 | 20% | 1.3 | |
| Punta Gorda | 268 | 282 | 6% | (1,700) | (4.1%) | 12.5% | $114,000 | 20% | 1.6 | |
| Sarasota | 971 | 1,329 | 9% | (5,700) | (2.2%) | 11.8% | $154,750 | 27% | 3.1 | |
| Tallahassee | 659 | 786 | 18% | (1,600) | (0.9%) | 7.9% | $147,541 | 27% | 0.2 | |
| Tampa | 4,457 | 7,160 | 19% | (23,600) | (2.1%) | 11.9% | $124,000 | 23% | 2.2 | |
| Vero Beach | 275 | 327 | 8% | (1,700) | (3.8%) | 13.1% | $100,000 | 19% | 0.0 | |
| West Palm Beach (D) | 1,353 | 1,479 | 6% | (12,800) | (2.5%) | 11.4% | $215,000 | 34% | 4.6 | |
| Georgia | ||||||||||
| Albany | 174 | 212 | 17% | (300) | (0.5%) | 10.5% | $82,483 | 18% | 0.0 | |
| Athens | 228 | 255 | 11% | 0 | 0.0% | 7.4% | $117,156 | 23% | 0.0 | |
| Atlanta | 6,315 | 7,763 | 11% | (46,100) | (2.0%) | 9.8% | $126,661 | 18% | 1.0 | |
| Augusta | 2,181 | 2,332 | 43% | (1,400) | (0.7%) | 8.5% | $104,053 | 20% | 0.0 | |
| Brunswick | 341 | 341 | 27% | (1,000) | (2.4%) | 9.4% | $130,787 | 24% | 0.2 | |
| Columbus | 671 | 1,001 | 45% | (1,000) | (0.8%) | 9.4% | $98,457 | 20% | 0.1 | |
| Dalton | 124 | 141 | 13% | (500) | (0.8%) | 11.5% | $95,853 | 19% | 0.5 | |
| Gainesville | 240 | 240 | 9% | (1,900) | (2.6%) | 9.0% | $126,574 | 21% | 0.1 | |
| Hinesville | 50 | 302 | 34% | 600 | 3.2% | 8.0% | $101,781 | 21% | 0.8 | |
| Macon | 160 | 160 | 9% | (1,900) | (2.0%) | 10.0% | $91,628 | 19% | 0.1 | |
| Rome | 62 | 74 | 10% | 400 | 1.0% | 10.1% | $91,289 | 19% | 0.7 | |
| Savannah | 1,019 | 1,380 | 28% | (1,300) | (0.9%) | 8.3% | $132,761 | 24% | 2.2 | |
| Valdosta | 455 | 781 | 53% | (1,600) | (2.9%) | 8.2% | $104,713 | 24% | 0.9 | |
| Warner Robins | 582 | 582 | 28% | 200 | 0.3% | 7.3% | $91,809 | 14% | 0.0 | |
| Hawaii | ||||||||||
| Honolulu | 854 | 1,490 | 30% | 400 | 0.1% | 5.2% | $574,084 | 67% | 4.4 | |
| Idaho | ||||||||||
| Boise City | 2,087 | 2,131 | 19% | (5,700) | (2.2%) | 9.4% | $144,154 | 22% | 0.3 | |
| Coeur D'Alene | 739 | 821 | 31% | (100) | (0.2%) | 10.6% | $136,452 | 23% | 0.8 | |
| Idaho Falls | 368 | 450 | 24% | (600) | (1.2%) | 6.8% | $91,731 | 14% | 0.0 | |
| Lewiston | 21 | 27 | 7% | (400) | (1.5%) | 7.2% | $119,098 | 22% | 1.0 | |
| Pocatello | 152 | 155 | 22% | (800) | (2.2%) | 7.9% | $88,686 | 15% | 0.0 | |
| Illinois | ||||||||||
| Bloomington | 286 | 387 | 23% | (700) | (0.8%) | 7.9% | $148,954 | 23% | 0.3 | |
| Champaign-Urbana | 191 | 265 | 12% | (1,400) | (1.2%) | 8.8% | $144,314 | 28% | 4.8 | |
| Chicago (D) | 2,954 | 4,705 | 11% | (84,500) | (2.3%) | 10.7% | $185,000 | 28% | 1.3 | |
| Danville | 2 | 2 | 1% | (500) | (1.7%) | 12.7% | $55,295 | 13% | 1.0 | |
| Decatur | 14 | 16 | 3% | (2,400) | (4.5%) | 12.8% | $89,381 | 18% | 3.6 | |
| Kankakee-Bradley | 54 | 54 | 7% | 100 | 0.2% | 13.6% | $132,515 | 23% | 5.9 | |
| Lake-Kenosha (D) | 688 | 742 | 12% | (13,200) | (3.5%) | 11.1% | $212,933 | 26% | 0.9 | |
| Peoria | 303 | 348 | 18% | (3,900) | (2.2%) | 10.9% | $114,435 | 20% | 4.7 | |
| Rockford | 284 | 284 | 11% | (3,100) | (2.1%) | 16.3% | $110,896 | 21% | 5.6 | |
| Springfield | 154 | 245 | 16% | (1,400) | (1.3%) | 8.4% | $116,182 | 19% | 1.9 | |
| Indiana | ||||||||||
| Anderson | 52 | 62 | 8% | 100 | 0.2% | 11.0% | $79,009 | 15% | 0.4 | |
| Bloomington | 223 | 267 | 22% | 400 | 0.5% | 7.2% | $121,816 | 26% | 1.1 | |
| Columbus | 132 | 132 | 22% | (1,000) | (2.3%) | 9.4% | $115,909 | 19% | 0.8 | |
| Elkhart-Goshen | 156 | 204 | 12% | 2,800 | 2.9% | 14.1% | $101,873 | 18% | 0.3 | |
| Evansville | 498 | 565 | 26% | (1,100) | (0.6%) | 8.4% | $88,963 | 17% | 0.8 | |
| Fort Wayne | 866 | 1,010 | 27% | (2,400) | (1.2%) | 10.2% | $94,905 | 17% | 1.5 | |
| Gary (D) | 1,023 | 1,219 | 26% | (3,700) | (1.4%) | 10.2% | $127,608 | 21% | 3.7 | |
| Indianapolis | 4,062 | 6,025 | 35% | (13,000) | (1.5%) | 9.0% | $115,590 | 18% | 1.7 | |
| Kokomo | 10 | 12 | 2% | 1,000 | 2.5% | 12.1% | $79,043 | 14% | 0.0 | |
| Lafayette | 459 | 490 | 27% | (3,100) | (3.3%) | 8.8% | $106,202 | 21% | 0.5 | |
| Michigan City | 89 | 89 | 15% | 0 | 0.0% | 11.9% | $107,287 | 20% | 1.6 | |
| Muncie | 28 | 28 | 5% | (300) | (0.6%) | 10.8% | $72,100 | 16% | 0.1 | |
| South Bend | 224 | 271 | 14% | (2,100) | (1.6%) | 11.4% | $89,496 | 17% | 2.5 | |
| Terre Haute | 108 | 114 | 17% | (1,100) | (1.5%) | 10.6% | $75,311 | 16% | 0.7 | |
| Iowa | ||||||||||
| Ames | 101 | 163 | 17% | (600) | (1.2%) | 5.1% | $125,103 | 21% | 0.0 | |
| Cedar Rapids | 628 | 1,112 | 54% | (2,400) | (1.7%) | 7.0% | $138,900 | 22% | 3.5 | |
| Davenport | 327 | 629 | 41% | (3,600) | (2.0%) | 9.2% | $109,874 | 20% | 4.9 | |
| Des Moines | 2,149 | 3,019 | 48% | (4,100) | (1.3%) | 6.8% | $146,613 | 21% | 1.3 | |
| Dubuque | 296 | 446 | 51% | (400) | (0.7%) | 6.9% | $112,688 | 20% | 1.2 | |
| Iowa City | 544 | 604 | 36% | (500) | (0.5%) | 4.8% | $147,550 | 23% | 0.3 | |
| Sioux City | 102 | 130 | 11% | (1,300) | (1.7%) | 6.3% | $85,069 | 15% | 0.3 | |
| Waterloo | 370 | 396 | 47% | (1,000) | (1.1%) | 6.6% | $114,270 | 21% | 5.3 | |
| Kansas | ||||||||||
| Lawrence | 212 | 212 | 11% | 300 | 0.6% | 5.4% | $140,014 | 24% | 0.8 | |
| Topeka | 331 | 479 | 35% | (1,200) | (1.1%) | 6.3% | $105,341 | 16% | 0.5 | |
| Wichita | 1,251 | 1,479 | 32% | (12,100) | (4.1%) | 7.9% | $116,817 | 18% | 1.5 | |
| Kentucky | ||||||||||
| Bowling Green | 330 | 419 | 30% | (600) | (1.0%) | 9.1% | $102,475 | 22% | 1.1 | |
| Elizabethtown | 326 | 398 | 30% | 600 | 1.3% | 9.4% | $102,388 | 20% | 1.5 | |
| Lexington | 1,423 | 1,653 | 32% | (100) | 0.0% | 8.1% | $142,388 | 26% | 3.4 | |
| Louisville | 2,381 | 2,672 | 30% | (5,400) | (0.9%) | 9.9% | $132,044 | 26% | 5.0 | |
| Owensboro | 267 | 271 | 25% | 0 | 0.0% | 8.9% | $78,991 | 17% | 1.0 | |
| Louisiana | ||||||||||
| Alexandria | 337 | 339 | 36% | (600) | (0.9%) | 5.8% | $88,826 | 21% | 0.9 | |
| Baton Rouge | 2,889 | 3,049 | 34% | (5,900) | (1.6%) | 6.0% | $162,997 | 31% | 5.1 | |
| Houma | 440 | 452 | 38% | (1,700) | (1.8%) | 4.6% | $109,927 | 22% | 2.1 | |
| Lafayette | 732 | 795 | 16% | (1,900) | (1.3%) | 5.0% | $123,821 | 25% | 1.0 | |
| Lake Charles | 649 | 1,044 | 70% | (2,500) | (2.7%) | 6.0% | $102,091 | 21% | 1.4 | |
| Monroe | 208 | 222 | 18% | (1,600) | (2.1%) | 6.6% | $89,990 | 21% | 0.6 | |
| New Orleans | 2,107 | 2,478 | 19% | (400) | (0.1%) | 6.1% | $162,649 | 32% | 5.1 | |
| Shreveport | 1,183 | 1,434 | 47% | (2,100) | (1.2%) | 5.8% | $153,411 | 35% | 5.6 | |
| Maine | ||||||||||
| Bangor | 154 | 243 | 24% | (1,600) | (2.5%) | 7.8% | $109,475 | 22% | 0.0 | |
| Lewiston-Auburn | 122 | 138 | 16% | (600) | (1.3%) | 8.4% | $113,041 | 21% | 0.0 | |
| Portland | 1,014 | 1,048 | 18% | (3,900) | (2.1%) | 6.8% | $200,956 | 30% | 1.9 | |
| Maryland | ||||||||||
| Baltimore | 3,515 | 5,496 | 28% | (10,200) | (0.8%) | 7.2% | $240,000 | 33% | 5.6 | |
| Bethesda (D) | 1,733 | 2,037 | 17% | 200 | 0.0% | 5.3% | $339,150 | 34% | 4.9 | |
| Cumberland | 50 | 100 | 25% | (1,000) | (2.5%) | 8.4% | $111,926 | 26% | 4.9 | |
| Hagerstown | 735 | 741 | 18% | (2,100) | (2.2%) | 9.4% | $153,613 | 26% | 1.0 | |
| Salisbury | 108 | 160 | 12% | (1,800) | (3.3%) | 8.4% | $132,822 | 26% | 1.0 | |
| Massachusetts | ||||||||||
| Barnstable Town | 273 | 298 | 6% | (800) | (0.9%) | 10.0% | $318,354 | 41% | 1.4 | |
| Boston (D) | 1,130 | 2,226 | 21% | (17,300) | (1.0%) | 7.9% | $329,064 | 37% | 1.6 | |
| Cambridge (D) | 1,229 | 1,705 | 23% | (26,500) | (1.1%) | 8.3% | $359,134 | 35% | 0.5 | |
| Pittsfield | 8 | 8 | 1% | (500) | (1.4%) | 9.3% | $168,032 | 27% | 0.1 | |
| Springfield | 307 | 353 | 7% | (10,100) | (3.5%) | 9.8% | $173,425 | 25% | 0.0 | |
| Worcester | 649 | 905 | 12% | (5,400) | (2.3%) | 9.6% | $220,238 | 25% | 1.0 | |
| Michigan | ||||||||||
| Ann Arbor | 202 | 248 | 9% | (1,500) | (0.8%) | 8.6% | $148,988 | 21% | 0.0 | |
| Battle Creek | 10 | 10 | 2% | (300) | (0.5%) | 11.8% | $76,714 | 15% | 0.3 | |
| Bay City | 28 | 28 | 6% | (700) | (1.9%) | 12.8% | $73,087 | 14% | 0.1 | |
| Detroit (D) | 293 | 381 | 6% | (27,900) | (3.9%) | 15.7% | $80,829 | 16% | 0.0 | |
| Flint | 53 | 124 | 4% | (2,200) | (1.6%) | 14.9% | $69,084 | 13% | 0.0 | |
| Grand Rapids | 953 | 982 | 20% | (6,800) | (1.9%) | 11.3% | $93,176 | 16% | 1.3 | |
| Holland | 306 | 342 | 12% | (2,700) | (2.6%) | 12.2% | $126,658 | 19% | 0.3 | |
| Jackson | 25 | 25 | 3% | (1,900) | (3.4%) | 13.6% | $87,432 | 17% | 0.8 | |
| Kalamazoo | 308 | 312 | 13% | (3,900) | (2.8%) | 11.4% | $106,463 | 20% | 0.2 | |
| Lansing | 275 | 327 | 10% | 1,500 | 0.7% | 10.5% | $82,405 | 14% | 0.7 | |
| Monroe | 68 | 68 | 6% | (2,200) | (5.6%) | 13.4% | $107,722 | 16% | 0.0 | |
| Muskegon | 38 | 52 | 5% | (2,200) | (3.7%) | 14.9% | $80,306 | 16% | 0.3 | |
| Niles | 30 | 46 | 6% | (1,700) | (2.8%) | 13.4% | $107,698 | 21% | 1.3 | |
| Saginaw | 81 | 89 | 9% | 1,000 | 1.2% | 12.7% | $55,974 | 11% | 1.7 | |
| Warren (D) | 1,269 | 1,372 | 7% | (39,100) | (3.7%) | 14.2% | $136,465 | 19% | 0.0 | |
| Minnesota | ||||||||||
| Duluth | 363 | 432 | 25% | (700) | (0.5%) | 7.7% | $104,234 | 21% | 5.7 | |
| Minneapolis | 4,227 | 5,475 | 20% | (29,200) | (1.7%) | 6.8% | $164,121 | 23% | 1.6 | |
| Rochester | 404 | 516 | 26% | (200) | (0.2%) | 5.7% | $124,143 | 18% | 0.8 | |
| St. Cloud | 225 | 329 | 16% | 500 | 0.5% | 6.9% | $120,420 | 21% | 2.6 | |
| Mississippi | ||||||||||
| Gulfport-Biloxi | 1,545 | 2,026 | 37% | (1,600) | (1.5%) | 9.0% | $130,607 | 29% | 5.0 | |
| Hattiesburg | 29 | 39 | 3% | 600 | 1.0% | 8.5% | $90,175 | 21% | 0.3 | |
| Jackson | 1,252 | 1,252 | 28% | (700) | (0.3%) | 8.5% | $134,255 | 27% | 4.4 | |
| Pascagoula | 546 | 550 | 36% | (2,100) | (3.6%) | 9.9% | $100,082 | 19% | 0.0 | |
| Missouri | ||||||||||
| Columbia | 520 | 570 | 24% | 300 | 0.3% | 5.4% | $148,968 | 29% | 2.8 | |
| Jefferson City | 148 | 219 | 19% | 0 | 0.0% | 6.3% | $104,758 | 19% | 1.3 | |
| Joplin | 62 | 72 | 10% | (1,300) | (1.6%) | 7.7% | $81,942 | 19% | 1.3 | |
| Kansas City | 2,090 | 3,739 | 20% | (18,400) | (1.9%) | 8.3% | $143,655 | 22% | 2.1 | |
| Springfield | 677 | 1,123 | 22% | 700 | 0.4% | 7.9% | $112,490 | 23% | 1.4 | |
| St. Joseph | 68 | 92 | 22% | 2,200 | 3.8% | 7.7% | $83,407 | 17% | 0.4 | |
| St. Louis | 4,643 | 5,857 | 32% | (11,600) | (0.9%) | 9.5% | $180,421 | 30% | 5.8 | |
| Montana | ||||||||||
| Billings | 489 | 593 | 41% | (2,100) | (2.6%) | 5.2% | $110,307 | 18% | 0.0 | |
| Great Falls | 65 | 109 | 34% | (700) | (2.0%) | 5.8% | $92,611 | 17% | 0.0 | |
| Missoula | 220 | 268 | 24% | 1,100 | 2.0% | 6.8% | $154,547 | 29% | 0.7 | |
| Nebraska | ||||||||||
| Lincoln | 565 | 683 | 25% | (2,100) | (1.2%) | 4.5% | $131,693 | 19% | 0.0 | |
| Omaha | 3,320 | 3,574 | 54% | (6,100) | (1.3%) | 5.5% | $131,482 | 18% | 0.0 | |
| Nevada | ||||||||||
| Carson City | 12 | 28 | 4% | (900) | (3.0%) | 13.4% | $137,831 | 21% | 0.0 | |
| Las Vegas | 4,990 | 6,540 | 17% | (38,700) | (4.6%) | 14.2% | $140,000 | 19% | 0.2 | |
| Reno | 543 | 861 | 14% | (5,700) | (2.9%) | 13.5% | $175,000 | 24% | 0.2 | |
| New Hampshire | ||||||||||
| Manchester | 325 | 615 | 9% | (1,300) | (1.3%) | 6.4% | $225,660 | 23% | 0.1 | |
| New Jersey | ||||||||||
| Atlantic City | 531 | 622 | 16% | (1,600) | (1.2%) | 12.6% | $226,759 | 32% | 4.7 | |
| Camden (D) | 1,448 | 2,294 | 27% | (9,100) | (1.8%) | 9.9% | $194,958 | 22% | 0.6 | |
| Edison (D) | 2,911 | 3,849 | 16% | (28,300) | (2.9%) | 9.0% | $314,066 | 30% | 3.0 | |
| Newark-Union (D) | 1,411 | 2,229 | 24% | (22,700) | (2.3%) | 9.5% | $349,127 | 36% | 1.7 | |
| Ocean City | 272 | 465 | 19% | 2,900 | 7.9% | 12.6% | $227,237 | 33% | 2.5 | |
| Trenton | 184 | 416 | 11% | (2,500) | (1.1%) | 7.8% | $257,660 | 27% | 2.5 | |
| Vineland | 248 | 290 | 39% | (100) | (0.2%) | 13.1% | $131,459 | 20% | 0.1 | |
| New Mexico | ||||||||||
| Albuquerque | 1,628 | 1,767 | 20% | (6,200) | (1.6%) | 8.3% | $196,626 | 34% | 4.5 | |
| Farmington | 219 | 233 | 40% | (2,700) | (5.3%) | 9.6% | $183,415 | 35% | 5.1 | |
| Las Cruces | 928 | 994 | 40% | (200) | (0.3%) | 8.0% | $96,336 | 22% | 0.0 | |
| Santa Fe | 115 | 115 | 9% | (600) | (1.0%) | 6.7% | $195,833 | 30% | 0.0 | |
| New York | ||||||||||
| Albany | 742 | 869 | 16% | (4,800) | (1.1%) | 6.5% | $187,207 | 28% | 3.2 | |
| Binghamton | 21 | 21 | 2% | (1,500) | (1.3%) | 7.9% | $121,218 | 23% | 4.4 | |
| Buffalo | 796 | 989 | 21% | (1,200) | (0.2%) | 7.8% | $111,651 | 21% | 2.2 | |
| Elmira | 15 | 15 | 5% | 500 | 1.3% | 7.9% | $89,450 | 18% | 2.6 | |
| Glens Falls | 229 | 239 | 15% | 800 | 1.5% | 7.9% | $154,777 | 28% | 3.6 | |
| Ithaca | 44 | 73 | 11% | 600 | 0.9% | 5.1% | $146,736 | 26% | 1.7 | |
| Kingston | 95 | 137 | 10% | (100) | (0.2%) | 7.2% | $217,362 | 33% | 3.5 | |
| Nassau (D) | 1,264 | 1,385 | 12% | 8,100 | 0.7% | 6.6% | $397,469 | 38% | 5.6 | |
| New York (D) | 1,425 | 8,085 | 20% | (48,300) | (0.9%) | 9.2% | $443,659 | 64% | 4.9 | |
| Poughkeepsie | 387 | 969 | 19% | (3,300) | (1.3%) | 7.4% | $205,503 | 25% | 0.4 | |
| Rochester | 849 | 1,252 | 24% | (1,400) | (0.3%) | 7.5% | $114,695 | 19% | 1.8 | |
| Syracuse | 453 | 551 | 16% | (1,900) | (0.6%) | 7.7% | $117,593 | 21% | 3.3 | |
| Utica-Rome | 15 | 15 | 1% | 300 | 0.2% | 7.2% | $103,554 | 21% | 1.8 | |
| North Carolina | ||||||||||
| Asheville | 1,064 | 1,217 | 28% | (2,600) | (1.6%) | 8.5% | $163,784 | 33% | 4.1 | |
| Burlington | 492 | 735 | 36% | (1,200) | (2.1%) | 11.0% | $105,814 | 21% | 0.1 | |
| Charlotte | 5,242 | 7,353 | 29% | (7,000) | (0.9%) | 11.1% | $158,000 | 24% | 2.7 | |
| Durham | 1,495 | 2,222 | 34% | 200 | 0.1% | 7.2% | $195,000 | 33% | 4.3 | |
| Fayetteville | 1,674 | 2,896 | 67% | (100) | (0.1%) | 8.6% | $100,819 | 19% | 0.0 | |
| Goldsboro | 202 | 202 | 29% | (1,700) | (3.8%) | 8.6% | $99,555 | 21% | 0.7 | |
| Greensboro | 1,514 | 2,247 | 35% | (6,900) | (2.0%) | 10.7% | $128,807 | 25% | 0.1 | |
| Greenville | 411 | 635 | 25% | 500 | 0.7% | 9.6% | $99,242 | 22% | 0.0 | |
| Hickory | 541 | 597 | 25% | (3,300) | (2.3%) | 13.3% | $102,182 | 22% | 0.5 | |
| Jacksonville | 1,761 | 2,191 | 100% | 1,900 | 4.0% | 7.5% | $121,708 | 24% | 0.0 | |
| Raleigh-Cary | 5,105 | 5,704 | 32% | (4,000) | (0.8%) | 8.3% | $188,000 | 27% | 2.7 | |
| Rocky Mount | 216 | 216 | 21% | (500) | (0.8%) | 13.0% | $85,911 | 19% | 0.2 | |
| Wilmington | 1,734 | 1,876 | 20% | (3,500) | (2.5%) | 9.7% | $180,500 | 34% | 1.9 | |
| Winston-Salem | 860 | 1,172 | 26% | (1,900) | (0.9%) | 9.4% | $115,225 | 22% | 0.3 | |
| North Dakota | ||||||||||
| Bismarck | 537 | 618 | 56% | 1,100 | 1.8% | 3.6% | $155,642 | 20% | 2.2 | |
| Fargo | 893 | 1,605 | 57% | 500 | 0.4% | 3.9% | $142,134 | 22% | 0.8 | |
| Grand Forks | 111 | 270 | 40% | 500 | 1.0% | 4.3% | $118,193 | 19% | 0.0 | |
| Ohio | ||||||||||
| Akron | 418 | 462 | 12% | (9,900) | (3.1%) | 10.9% | $120,000 | 20% | 3.2 | |
| Canton | 284 | 343 | 22% | (4,900) | (3.0%) | 12.5% | $88,607 | 17% | 1.8 | |
| Cincinnati | 3,461 | 3,862 | 25% | (14,700) | (1.5%) | 10.2% | $132,607 | 19% | 1.2 | |
| Cleveland | 2,067 | 2,334 | 29% | (14,300) | (1.4%) | 8.9% | $110,196 | 19% | 2.0 | |
| Columbus | 2,847 | 4,943 | 29% | (14,000) | (1.5%) | 9.4% | $137,000 | 20% | 2.2 | |
| Dayton | 761 | 871 | 21% | (5,700) | (1.5%) | 11.7% | $114,092 | 20% | 3.0 | |
| Lima | 11 | 11 | 2% | (200) | (0.4%) | 11.5% | $86,978 | 17% | 0.6 | |
| Mansfield | 44 | 46 | 8% | 900 | 1.7% | 12.4% | $83,530 | 17% | 1.0 | |
| Sandusky | 0 | 0 | 0% | 300 | 0.9% | 11.3% | $106,746 | 18% | 0.0 | |
| Springfield | 53 | 53 | 8% | (400) | (0.8%) | 11.0% | $88,216 | 17% | 0.4 | |
| Toledo | 431 | 534 | 13% | (5,100) | (1.7%) | 12.1% | $90,256 | 16% | 1.8 | |
| Youngstown | 170 | 180 | 10% | (700) | (0.3%) | 12.3% | $73,383 | 15% | 2.2 | |
| Oklahoma | ||||||||||
| Lawton | 226 | 543 | 50% | 1,200 | 2.8% | 5.5% | $86,742 | 15% | 0.5 | |
| Oklahoma City | 3,337 | 4,060 | 19% | (5,600) | (1.0%) | 5.9% | $139,571 | 22% | 4.0 | |
| Tulsa | 2,867 | 3,489 | 29% | (8,800) | (2.1%) | 7.0% | $130,450 | 20% | 0.5 | |
| Oregon | ||||||||||
| Bend | 393 | 397 | 9% | (2,000) | (3.3%) | 14.3% | $138,260 | 20% | 0.0 | |
| Corvallis | 39 | 57 | 7% | (1,300) | (3.4%) | 7.5% | $177,646 | 26% | 0.1 | |
| Eugene | 523 | 690 | 25% | (1,400) | (1.0%) | 10.9% | $197,943 | 35% | 5.3 | |
| Medford | 333 | 412 | 19% | (900) | (1.2%) | 12.8% | $136,975 | 25% | 0.0 | |
| Portland | 3,560 | 4,263 | 22% | (23,200) | (2.4%) | 10.5% | $236,250 | 33% | 5.4 | |
| Salem | 472 | 690 | 21% | (1,400) | (1.0%) | 10.8% | $174,548 | 29% | 5.2 | |
| Pennsylvania | ||||||||||
| Allentown | 1,498 | 1,676 | 31% | (1,900) | (0.6%) | 9.5% | $215,200 | 27% | 3.4 | |
| Altoona | 9 | 17 | 3% | 800 | 1.3% | 7.7% | $91,093 | 16% | 0.0 | |
| Erie | 259 | 446 | 44% | (1,300) | (1.0%) | 9.7% | $96,772 | 17% | 0.7 | |
| Harrisburg | 855 | 921 | 25% | (6,300) | (1.9%) | 7.8% | $141,373 | 19% | 0.2 | |
| Johnstown | 12 | 12 | 3% | (1,000) | (1.6%) | 9.3% | $77,812 | 17% | 1.3 | |
| Lancaster | 776 | 913 | 25% | (2,600) | (1.1%) | 7.6% | $160,962 | 22% | 1.5 | |
| Lebanon | 318 | 318 | 38% | (500) | (1.0%) | 7.4% | $130,746 | 20% | 0.7 | |
| Philadelphia (D) | 2,951 | 3,919 | 22% | (27,600) | (1.5%) | 8.8% | $213,522 | 25% | 2.4 | |
| Pittsburgh | 2,827 | 3,164 | 45% | (5,700) | (0.5%) | 8.1% | $120,210 | 18% | 0.6 | |
| Reading | 224 | 240 | 11% | (1,800) | (1.1%) | 9.5% | $151,365 | 21% | 3.7 | |
| Scranton | 132 | 135 | 6% | (2,700) | (1.1%) | 9.8% | $115,309 | 19% | 0.0 | |
| State College | 184 | 213 | 19% | 1,000 | 1.3% | 6.1% | $153,057 | 25% | 0.6 | |
| Williamsport | 10 | 10 | 2% | (400) | (0.8%) | 9.1% | $105,067 | 18% | 0.3 | |
| York | 543 | 628 | 20% | (2,400) | (1.4%) | 8.9% | $145,994 | 20% | 0.7 | |
| Rhode Island | ||||||||||
| Providence | 1,186 | 1,379 | 12% | (16,500) | (3.0%) | 12.5% | $226,791 | 33% | 1.6 | |
| South Carolina | ||||||||||
| Anderson | 241 | 241 | 13% | (1,600) | (2.7%) | 10.7% | $92,395 | 19% | 0.0 | |
| Charleston | 3,257 | 3,498 | 32% | 500 | 0.2% | 8.5% | $190,000 | 32% | 3.2 | |
| Columbia | 2,917 | 3,560 | 44% | (1,200) | (0.3%) | 8.3% | $124,000 | 22% | 2.1 | |
| Florence | 353 | 407 | 31% | 0 | 0.0% | 10.8% | $118,238 | 26% | 2.7 | |
| Greenville | 1,501 | 1,672 | 30% | (3,200) | (1.1%) | 9.2% | $135,950 | 26% | 5.2 | |
| Myrtle Beach | 1,628 | 1,851 | 16% | 600 | 0.5% | 10.9% | $151,587 | 31% | 0.9 | |
| Spartanburg | 604 | 632 | 23% | (1,700) | (1.4%) | 10.8% | $122,946 | 24% | 4.4 | |
| Sumter | 396 | 492 | 54% | (1,900) | (5.2%) | 11.6% | $95,808 | 21% | 0.2 | |
| South Dakota | ||||||||||
| Rapid City | 448 | 664 | 48% | 100 | 0.2% | 4.8% | $117,923 | 19% | 0.4 | |
| Sioux Falls | 929 | 1,423 | 57% | (100) | (0.1%) | 4.5% | $136,445 | 18% | 2.6 | |
| Tennessee | ||||||||||
| Chattanooga | 949 | 1,008 | 26% | 700 | 0.3% | 9.0% | $122,982 | 25% | 1.5 | |
| Clarksville | 1,298 | 1,473 | 46% | 300 | 0.4% | 10.0% | $97,402 | 20% | 0.8 | |
| Cleveland | 181 | 480 | 51% | (500) | (1.3%) | 9.7% | $101,666 | 24% | 0.6 | |
| Jackson | 256 | 256 | 23% | (1,100) | (1.9%) | 10.7% | $83,419 | 19% | 0.3 | |
| Johnson City | 481 | 539 | 37% | (1,300) | (1.7%) | 9.5% | $108,977 | 27% | 1.6 | |
| Kingsport | 387 | 413 | 27% | (3,100) | (2.6%) | 9.2% | $105,660 | 25% | 1.5 | |
| Knoxville | 1,268 | 1,771 | 27% | (1,300) | (0.4%) | 8.5% | $137,773 | 29% | 2.9 | |
| Memphis | 1,853 | 2,557 | 23% | (18,300) | (3.0%) | 10.4% | $126,622 | 26% | 3.0 | |
| Morristown | 193 | 199 | 26% | (1,700) | (3.7%) | 12.5% | $96,644 | 23% | 0.0 | |
| Nashville | 4,406 | 5,694 | 31% | (10,200) | (1.4%) | 9.2% | $139,000 | 24% | 2.8 | |
| Texas | ||||||||||
| Abilene | 203 | 319 | 15% | (800) | (1.2%) | 6.3% | $104,600 | 22% | 4.7 | |
| Amarillo | 610 | 640 | 17% | (1,200) | (1.1%) | 5.6% | $122,800 | 23% | 4.2 | |
| Austin | 6,958 | 8,487 | 32% | 800 | 0.1% | 7.0% | $185,700 | 27% | 4.2 | |
| Beaumont | 1,167 | 1,167 | 44% | (3,400) | (2.1%) | 10.6% | $123,200 | 24% | 4.3 | |
| Brownsville | 978 | 1,028 | 26% | 300 | 0.2% | 10.8% | $96,700 | 27% | 3.8 | |
| College Station | 890 | 976 | 28% | 2,200 | 2.3% | 5.9% | $151,000 | 32% | 4.1 | |
| Corpus Christi | 891 | 958 | 16% | (700) | (0.4%) | 7.9% | $138,000 | 28% | 5.2 | |
| Dallas (D) | 10,180 | 12,656 | 17% | (8,200) | (0.4%) | 8.2% | $161,900 | 24% | 3.4 | |
| El Paso | 2,816 | 3,525 | 55% | (600) | (0.2%) | 9.4% | $132,200 | 32% | 5.1 | |
| Fort Worth (D) | 5,797 | 6,739 | 18% | (7,100) | (0.8%) | 8.2% | $134,650 | 21% | 2.5 | |
| Houston | 24,998 | 29,335 | 39% | (40,900) | (1.6%) | 8.4% | $153,000 | 23% | 3.8 | |
| Killeen | 1,844 | 1,966 | 43% | 1,800 | 1.4% | 7.3% | $121,425 | 22% | 3.2 | |
| Laredo | 668 | 768 | 32% | (400) | (0.5%) | 8.8% | $86,575 | 21% | 0.9 | |
| Longview | 128 | 159 | 10% | (1,100) | (1.2%) | 7.5% | $120,000 | 24% | 3.9 | |
| Lubbock | 773 | 1,053 | 25% | (400) | (0.3%) | 5.9% | $114,800 | 23% | 1.8 | |
| McAllen | 2,821 | 3,206 | 34% | 3,000 | 1.4% | 11.1% | $104,700 | 28% | 2.0 | |
| Midland | 381 | 381 | 10% | (2,300) | (3.4%) | 5.6% | $122,334 | 20% | 3.2 | |
| Odessa | 271 | 383 | 18% | (2,300) | (3.8%) | 8.4% | $138,000 | 27% | 4.9 | |
| San Angelo | 202 | 322 | 21% | (200) | (0.5%) | 6.5% | $118,500 | 24% | 5.3 | |
| San Antonio | 6,069 | 6,905 | 31% | (9,900) | (1.2%) | 7.3% | $141,600 | 25% | 4.2 | |
| Sherman | 6 | 6 | 1% | (800) | (1.9%) | 8.4% | $93,200 | 17% | 3.5 | |
| Texarkana | 81 | 147 | 17% | (500) | (0.9%) | 7.4% | $76,196 | 15% | 0.1 | |
| Tyler | 132 | 181 | 6% | 300 | 0.3% | 7.6% | $133,200 | 25% | 3.6 | |
| Victoria | 50 | 50 | 3% | (1,100) | (2.2%) | 7.7% | $116,900 | 21% | 2.6 | |
| Waco | 367 | 587 | 20% | 1,100 | 1.0% | 7.0% | $110,300 | 23% | 2.3 | |
| Wichita Falls | 151 | 193 | 22% | (1,700) | (2.9%) | 7.8% | $105,800 | 21% | 4.5 | |
| Utah | ||||||||||
| Logan | 303 | 395 | 28% | (100) | (0.2%) | 5.0% | $114,820 | 18% | 0.0 | |
| Ogden-Clearfield | 1,506 | 1,642 | 32% | (2,000) | (1.0%) | 6.9% | $123,130 | 15% | 0.0 | |
| Provo-Orem | 1,540 | 1,841 | 28% | (2,800) | (1.6%) | 6.9% | $126,939 | 16% | 0.0 | |
| Salt Lake City | 1,998 | 3,878 | 31% | (13,700) | (2.2%) | 6.8% | $203,727 | 26% | 3.4 | |
| St. George | 732 | 755 | 20% | (1,400) | (2.9%) | 9.0% | $118,049 | 18% | 0.0 | |
| Virginia | ||||||||||
| Charlottesville | 540 | 564 | 21% | (800) | (0.8%) | 5.6% | $200,973 | 26% | 0.0 | |
| Danville | 73 | 103 | 20% | (1,000) | (2.5%) | 11.6% | $83,596 | 20% | 0.6 | |
| Harrisonburg | 399 | 424 | 33% | 400 | 0.6% | 6.1% | $163,606 | 25% | 0.0 | |
| Lynchburg | 479 | 527 | 29% | 700 | 0.7% | 7.5% | $131,862 | 22% | 0.0 | |
| Richmond | 2,804 | 3,544 | 31% | (11,500) | (1.9%) | 7.5% | $198,000 | 29% | 3.5 | |
| Roanoke | 415 | 433 | 22% | (2,000) | (1.3%) | 7.2% | $132,136 | 22% | 0.0 | |
| Virginia Beach | 3,079 | 4,992 | 21% | (6,800) | (0.9%) | 7.1% | $202,406 | 30% | 4.0 | |
| Winchester | 323 | 335 | 19% | (1,100) | (2.0%) | 7.3% | $134,441 | 20% | 0.0 | |
| Washington | ||||||||||
| Bellingham | 251 | 263 | 10% | (3,100) | (3.8%) | 8.0% | $187,508 | 35% | 3.2 | |
| Bremerton | 374 | 378 | 15% | (600) | (0.7%) | 7.3% | $241,750 | 35% | 5.6 | |
| Kennewick | 883 | 887 | 27% | 3,900 | 4.1% | 6.8% | $165,716 | 28% | 5.2 | |
| Longview | 105 | 107 | 15% | (700) | (2.0%) | 12.0% | $120,880 | 24% | 0.2 | |
| Mount Vernon | 237 | 246 | 22% | (2,300) | (5.1%) | 9.9% | $166,150 | 28% | 0.5 | |
| Olympia | 964 | 1,184 | 37% | (600) | (0.6%) | 7.5% | $221,827 | 32% | 5.9 | |
| Seattle (D) | 4,459 | 6,329 | 23% | (29,200) | (2.1%) | 7.9% | $345,000 | 45% | 6.1 | |
| Spokane | 653 | 921 | 21% | (5,900) | (2.8%) | 8.8% | $159,250 | 30% | 5.2 | |
| Tacoma (D) | 1,485 | 1,894 | 28% | (5,600) | (2.1%) | 9.3% | $217,750 | 32% | 5.0 | |
| Wenatchee | 210 | 212 | 19% | (200) | (0.5%) | 8.3% | $170,156 | 32% | 1.5 | |
| Yakima | 145 | 145 | 12% | 1,800 | 2.4% | 9.1% | $150,695 | 30% | 4.3 | |
| West Virginia | ||||||||||
| Charleston | 156 | 172 | 20% | (2,600) | (1.7%) | 7.9% | $125,291 | 27% | 3.4 | |
| Huntington | 33 | 35 | 6% | (500) | (0.4%) | 8.3% | $83,349 | 20% | 0.8 | |
| Morgantown | 25 | 82 | 31% | 1,400 | 2.2% | 5.9% | $116,713 | 25% | 0.3 | |
| Parkersburg | 99 | 150 | 34% | 400 | 0.6% | 9.4% | $84,880 | 18% | 0.6 | |
| Weirton | 19 | 19 | 10% | (2,400) | (5.1%) | 13.4% | $76,026 | 17% | 2.5 | |
| Wheeling | 2 | 2 | 1% | 0 | 0.0% | 10.0% | $73,512 | 17% | 0.9 | |
| Wisconsin | ||||||||||
| Appleton | 394 | 434 | 20% | (1,400) | (1.2%) | 7.6% | $123,630 | 20% | 4.2 | |
| Eau Claire | 307 | 379 | 27% | (1,100) | (1.4%) | 7.0% | $111,417 | 20% | 2.6 | |
| Fond Du Lac | 54 | 168 | 27% | (200) | (0.5%) | 8.0% | $114,840 | 20% | 2.0 | |
| Green Bay | 497 | 727 | 23% | (2,200) | (1.4%) | 7.7% | $132,372 | 22% | 2.2 | |
| Janesville | 119 | 165 | 13% | (1,900) | (3.1%) | 11.0% | $107,014 | 19% | 2.2 | |
| La Crosse | 202 | 218 | 26% | (1,600) | (2.2%) | 6.1% | $117,047 | 22% | 2.8 | |
| Madison | 873 | 1,577 | 26% | (6,600) | (1.9%) | 5.7% | $201,477 | 30% | 4.3 | |
| Milwaukee | 951 | 1,673 | 20% | (19,500) | (2.4%) | 8.5% | $193,491 | 32% | 5.2 | |
| Oshkosh-Neenah | 232 | 376 | 26% | (200) | (0.2%) | 7.2% | $108,870 | 19% | 0.8 | |
| Racine | 183 | 191 | 15% | (2,200) | (2.9%) | 9.9% | $134,213 | 22% | 4.4 | |
| Sheboygan | 44 | 102 | 14% | (1,200) | (2.0%) | 8.5% | $121,206 | 21% | 3.6 | |
| Wausau | 152 | 196 | 14% | (1,700) | (2.5%) | 9.0% | $111,536 | 18% | 1.3 | |
| Wyoming | ||||||||||
| Casper | 188 | 634 | 80% | (1,700) | (4.3%) | 7.2% | $104,777 | 18% | 0.0 | |
| * The government defines metro areas and includes metro divisions within some areas. In these instances, we report at the more detailed division level, because that is what most of our clients use for decision making. For example, we report on the Los Angeles and Orange County divisions separately, rather than the Los Angeles MSA, which includes both Los Angeles and Orange counties. We also use the more colloquial names used by business people, so we refer to the "Santa Ana-Anaheim-Irvine" division as "Orange County." For the government definitions, visit: http://www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/lists/2007/List1.txt | ||||||||||
